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Anteriorly it is related to the sternum, and posteriorly it is related to the vertebra. The medial surface is divided anteriorly and posteriorly. It also joins the medial surface at the anterior and posterior borders and diaphragmatic surfaces at the inferior border. The costal surface is covered by the costal pleura and is along the sternum and ribs. The three surfaces of the lung include the costal, medial, and diaphragmatic surfaces. The posterior border is thick and extends from the C7 to the T10 vertebra, which is also from the apex of the lung to the inferior border. The inferior border is thin and separates the base of the lung from the costal surface. The cardiac notch is a concavity in the lung that formes to accommodate the heart. The anterior border of the lung corresponds to the pleural reflection, and it creates a cardiac notch in the left lung. The three borders include the anterior, posterior, and inferior borders. Īnatomically, the lung has an apex, three borders, and three surfaces. The lung parenchyma also is covered by a pleura. Further, they subdivide into lobes and segments.

Also, they are anatomically described as having an apex, three borders, and three surfaces. Lungs have a spongy texture and have a pinkish-gray hue. The parenchyma is responsible for gas exchange and includes the alveoli, alveolar ducts, and bronchioles. The airways consist of the bronchus, which bifurcates off the trachea and divides into bronchioles and then further into alveoli. The respiratory system divides into airways and lung parenchyma. The purpose of the lung is to provide oxygen to the blood.